Unlocking the Secrets of Ergothioneine: The "Longevity Vitamin" for a Healthier Life

A groundbreaking study published in Cell Metabolism in February 2025 has brought the remarkable properties of ergothioneine (ET) to the forefront. This naturally occurring antioxidant, also known as the "longevity vitamin," has been found to have a profound impact on the healthspan and lifespan of aging animals.

The Science Behind Ergothioneine

Research conducted on Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode worms) demonstrated that ET supplementation significantly extended their median lifespan by 20%. The worms also exhibited improved mobility, increased stress resistance, and reduced lipofuscin accumulation, a hallmark of aging. Further studies on aged rats revealed that ET supplementation improved muscle endurance, increased muscle mass, enhanced vascular generation, and elevated NAD+ levels.

Mechanisms of Action

ET's remarkable effects are attributed to its role as a substitute substrate for the longevity-promoting enzyme, cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE). This interaction increases hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production, leading to protein persulfidation (PSSH), which in turn enhances mitochondrial respiration, ATP generation, and cellular growth. ET also increases NAD+ levels, both in vitro and in vivo, contributing to its anti-aging effects.

History and Properties of Ergothioneine

First isolated in 1909 by French pharmacist Charles Tanret, ET's structure was determined in 1911. This sulfur-containing compound exhibits exceptional antioxidant properties, surpassing those of glutathione and coenzyme Q10. ET's unique transport protein, OCTN-1, enables efficient delivery to mitochondria, where it neutralizes free radicals.

Health Benefits of Ergothioneine

ET's benefits extend to various aspects of health:

Cognitive function: ET inhibits β-amyloid-induced oxidative stress, reducing neuronal lipid peroxidation and inflammation.

Skin health: ET protects skin cells from UV radiation, promotes collagen synthesis, and reduces collagen damage.

Eye health: ET's high concentration in eye tissues helps eliminate free radicals and prevent age-related eye problems.

Sleep: ET crosses the blood-brain barrier, inhibiting peroxynitrite formation and promoting sleep quality.

Cardiovascular health: ET cooperates with glutathione to eliminate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and preventing myocardial damage.

Dietary Sources and Supplementation

ET can be found in various foods, including mushrooms (shiitake, oyster), whole grains (oats, barley), legumes (black beans, lentils), nuts (walnuts, pecans), and animal liver. If considering supplementation, consult with a healthcare professional to determine the optimal dosage for your individual needs.

Ergothioneine, the "longevity vitamin," has emerged as a promising compound for promoting healthspan and lifespan. As research continues to unravel its secrets, ET is poised to revolutionize our understanding of aging and disease prevention.