On the map of world geography, Mexico is like a unique pearl. Its spatial pattern of survival has been meticulously shaped by the invisible hands of climate and terrain. Today, let's step into Mexico together and unveil its mysterious veil.
The terrain of Mexico can be regarded as a natural climate regulator. The eastern mountains, like loyal guardians, effectively block the hot and humid air currents from the Gulf of Mexico, preventing them from freely penetrating inland. The western mountains are like precise filters, screening out the extreme weather brought by the Pacific Ocean. Under the protection of these two mountain ranges, the plateau area has become a favorite of nature. With relatively few natural disasters, it has become an ideal place for human habitation.
However, the dual constraints of climate and terrain have also given rise to distinct regional characteristics in Mexico. The northern region, accounting for about 40% of the country's territory, is a vast desert and semi - desert area. With an annual precipitation of less than 250 millimeters, it is extremely arid. The diurnal temperature range can reach over 20°C. During the day, it is scorched by the sun, and at night, the cold air hits. Such harsh natural conditions have led to a long - term sparse population in this area, with a population density consistently below 10 people per square kilometer. People here face huge challenges in survival. The scarcity of water resources and extreme temperature changes restrict the development of production and daily life.
Looking at the Central Plateau, although the precipitation is only 600 - 800 millimeters, it has unique advantages. The concentrated rainfall during the rainy season (from June to September) brings vitality to this land. What's more remarkable is that volcanic ash soil is widely distributed here, with extremely high fertility, providing unique conditions for agricultural development. Crops thrive on this land, attracting people to gather and cultivate here, giving birth to a unique plateau civilization.
Mexico, precisely under the intertwined influence of climate and terrain, has formed such a unique spatial pattern of survival. People in different regions, in their respective environments, coexist harmoniously with nature and write their own stories. This land is not only a treasure trove for geographical research but also a vivid example of humanity's adaptation to and transformation of nature, worthy of our continuous exploration and appreciation.
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