Beyond the explosion of artificial intelligence, stem cell technology is also changing the world

 "Beyond the explosion of artificial intelligence, stem cell technology is also changing the world, and more medical challenges may be solved. Stem cell technology is advancing medical progress at an unprecedented rate. According to the latest statistics from the International Society for Stem Cell Research, more than 3,000 stem cell clinical trials are underway globally, predicting that ten major incurable diseases may disappear by 2030. The core of stem cell technology lies in the self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation capabilities of stem cells. Based on their source and differentiation potential, stem cells are mainly divided into three categories: embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Embryonic stem cells originate from early embryos and have totipotency, capable of differentiating into all types of cells in the body. Adult stem cells exist in adult tissues and have multipotency, capable of differentiating into specific tissue types, such as hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are created by genetically reprogramming mature cells to have the characteristics of embryonic stem cells. In terms of technological breakthroughs, gene editing technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 empower precise stem cell therapies, successfully repairing hematopoietic stem cells in patients with β-thalassemia and reducing tremor symptoms in Parkinson's disease animal models. 3D bioprinting technology uses stem cells to construct miniature livers with vascular networks. Extracellular vesicle (EVs) therapy has shown better efficacy than traditional transplantation in neural repair after stroke. Automated culture systems have broken through mass production bottlenecks, reducing stem cell preparation costs. In clinical applications, cardiovascular disease treatment, through intracoronary injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), significantly improves left ventricular ejection fraction in myocardial infarction patients, reduces myocardial scar area, and lowers cardiac mortality. Neurological disease treatment, through nasal delivery of neural stem cell-derived EVs, clears β-amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease patients, promotes synaptic regeneration, and improves cognitive function. Metabolic disease treatment, through iPSC differentiation into glucose-sensitive β-cells, with subcutaneous implantation of microencapsulated cells, significantly reduces insulin dosage in diabetic patients and achieves glycated hemoglobin targets. These breakthrough advances not only change the paradigm of disease treatment but also bring unprecedented hope to human health."